Setting the Stage: ACG New England 2025, Newport
By Clark Waterfall, Managing Director | Talent Sequencing LLC
In early September 2025, private equity investors, dealmakers, and business leaders from across the Northeast gathered at the Newport Harbor Island Resort for the ACG New England Conference—the region’s premier event for the lower middle-market community. Hosted annually by ACG Boston and ACG Connecticut, the conference is famed for fostering candid discussion on the complexities and opportunities in private equity.

A highlight of this year’s event was the “Aligning Culture in M&A” panel, where I was joined by Rena Clark (Principal, AlignPath Advisory), Michael Duffy (Vice Principal, Fort Point Capital), and moderator Ben Armour (Partner, Sullivan & Worcester). Together, we explored the often-undervalued impact of cultural alignment, leadership fit, and values in shaping investment outcomes—topics especially salient for today’s value-focused investors.
Why Culture Matters in Deal Diligence
Acclaimed “father of modern management” Peter Drucker famously said, “Culture eats strategy for lunch.” For middle market private equity sponsors, financials may get a deal to the closing table—but culture and its invisible parent, values, determine post-close performance and long-term returns.
As Harvard Business Review has noted, PE professionals seeking faster closes and sustainable value creation must learn to “speak the language” of founder/owners—grounded in a nuanced appreciation of company culture. Mere operational or financial expertise is insufficient; understanding what genuinely drives behavior and engagement is now essential.
Seeing Below the Waterline: The Iceberg Model
Culture is best captured through the iceberg metaphor:
- The 10% above the waterline: visible behaviors, rituals, and norms—what companies say and do overtly.
- The 90% beneath the surface: deeply held values—what organizations reward, tolerate, or punish, beneath the surface.
McKinsey defines culture as a company’s shared values, behaviors, and work norms. Critically, Boston Consulting Group research shows that transactions robustly diligencing culture (not just financials and operations) generate ~9% more shareholder value in the first 24 months compared to those with less discipline in this area.
What does it mean to diligence culture? Start by examining:
- What is rewarded and punished?
- How are disagreements surfaced and resolved?
- Which values animate management, and do they cascade throughout the leadership team?
Key Lenses for Culture & Values in Middle-Market PE
PE sponsors should rigorously assess cultural alignment along several axes:
- Platform company readiness:
- Is the new platform able and willing to embrace needed changes?
- PE assumes transformation; resistance to change among management or the broader organization is a leading cause of value erosion.
- Leadership team alignment:
- Are individual managers culturally and values-aligned with the platform leader or founder?
- Misalignments frequently foreshadow costly CEO/CFO changes soon after close, especially if leadership styles or priorities clash.
- Add-on/tuck-in integrations:
- For buy-and-build strategies, are the culture/values of the add-ons and platform company genuinely compatible?
- Will projected synergies materialize, or will “integration friction” undermine value capture?
- Sponsor/portfolio company fit:
- A mismatch in ethos between the PE sponsor and platform company breeds a high “coefficient of friction” throughout the hold period, sometimes resulting in C-suite turnover simply to achieve alignment.
- Notably, this alignment can vary partner to partner within a PE fund—a nuance often missed in diligence.
- Planned leadership changes:
- Many PE investments involve top-grading management (e.g., replacing the CFO or bringing in a known CEO).
- New leaders must be evaluated for culture/values fit, or risk “failure to thrive” and disruption at the highest levels.
Can You Really Change Culture?
The short answer: yes, but with difficulty and time—which directly impacts investment returns (IRR). True cultural change typically involves leadership transition and a multi-year time horizon. Patrick Lencioni’s “Five Dysfunctions of a Team” parable is instructive: a new CEO could only re-shape culture by patiently replacing resistant legacy leaders.
Best practices post-close:
- First 100 days: Reaffirm and communicate core values to support and anchor strategic and operational changes in the value creation plan.
- Leadership coaching: Personality traits (the visible “10%”) can often be refined through coaching. Deeply held values—the real determinants of behavior—are harder to shift, typically resulting only in gradual change rather than overnight transformation.
The ROI of “Soft Diligence”
Here’s the good news: Diligencing culture and values is no longer prohibitively expensive or time-consuming. Today, tools and experts enable PE sponsors to conduct robust cultural diligence in as little as one to two weeks—often at less than half the cost of a Quality of Earnings report.
Yet, the impact on deal success is profound. Identifying potential misalignment early in the process can prevent costly mistakes, reduce management churn, and turn would-be failed theses into successful exits. As the saying goes, “the soft stuff is the hard stuff”—and, for private equity, embedding cultural diligence within the transaction lifecycle is now a non-negotiable driver of value.
Conclusion
Earnings and customer metrics are essential, but they’re just one part of the equation. To reliably capture value in the lower middle market, PE must look below the waterline—probing not just what people do, but why they do it. The tools exist, the process is practical, and the ROI is real. Culture and values aren’t “soft”—they’re the real drivers of hard returns.
Missed this year’s ACG Conference? Check out the highlights in our event gallery.



